オブレクト

英文法 解説

2026.07.23

英文法 総合参考書　項目通し番号一覧（日英対訳版）

0001〜0625　全項目リンク一覧　／　OBLECTO

https://oblecto.org/english-grammar-complete-guide/


序章　文の成り立ち（Sentence structures）


0001
Words, phrases, and clauses
▸


0002
Word
▸


0003
Phrase
▸


0004
Clause
▸


0005
Punctuation marks (periods, question marks, exclamation marks, etc.)
▸


0006
Period (full stop)
▸


0007
Question mark
▸


0008
Exclamation mark
▸


0009
Commas, colons, semicolons, and other marks
▸


0010
Parts of speech
▸


0011
Nouns, pronouns, and verbs
▸


0012
Adjectives and adverbs
▸


0013
Prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections
▸

第1章　文の種類（Kinds of sentences）

Part 1　英語の語順（Word order in English）


0014
Word order in English
▸


0015
Basic word order such as SVO
▸


0016
The relationship between word order and information structure
▸


0017
Differences from Japanese word order
▸

Part 2　基本的な文の形（Basic sentence forms）


0018
Basic sentence forms
▸


0019
Declarative sentences
▸


0020
Interrogative sentences
▸


0021
Imperative sentences
▸


0022
Exclamatory sentences
▸

Part 3　疑問文・命令文の応用形（Applied forms of questions and imperatives）


0023
Applied forms of questions and imperatives
▸


0024
Tag questions
▸


0025
Indirect questions
▸


0026
Negative imperatives
▸


0027
Let's / Do constructions
▸


0028
There-constructions (expressing existence)
▸


0029
There is/are expressing existence
▸


0030
Subject–verb agreement in there-constructions
▸


0031
Advanced uses of there-constructions
▸

第2章　動詞と文型（Verbs and Sentence patterns）

Part 1　動詞の使い方と文型（How to use verbs and sentence patterns）


0032
How verbs are used and sentence patterns
▸


0033
Intransitive and transitive verbs
▸


0034
The link between sentence patterns and verbs
▸


0035
Clues for identifying sentence patterns
▸

Part 2


0036
How to use verbs
▸


0037
Usage of intransitive verbs
▸


0038
Usage of transitive verbs
▸


0039
Transitive verbs easily mistaken for intransitive verbs
▸


0040
Sentence patterns
▸


0041
The basics of the five sentence patterns
▸


0042
Key points for identifying sentence patterns
▸


0043
Types of complements
▸

Part 3


0044
Verb usages to be careful about
▸


0045
Verbs easily confused as transitive or intransitive
▸


0046
Intransitive verbs followed by a preposition
▸


0047
Verbs whose meaning changes between transitive and intransitive use
▸


0048
Sentence patterns and verbs
▸


0049
Verbs that take the fourth sentence pattern
▸


0050
Verbs that take the fifth sentence pattern
▸


0051
Distinguishing SVOC from SVO
▸


0052
Phrasal verbs and sentence patterns
▸


0053
Transitive phrasal verbs
▸


0054
Intransitive verb + preposition + noun
▸

第3章　動詞と時制（Verbs and Tense）

Part 1　「時」をどのように表すか（How to express "time"）


0055
How to express "time"
▸


0056
Basic concept of tense
▸


0057
How to express present, past, and future
▸

Part 2


0058
Present tense and present progressive
▸


0059
Usage of the present tense
▸


0060
Usage of the present progressive
▸


0061
Stative verbs and the progressive form
▸


0062
Past tense and past progressive
▸


0063
Usage of the past tense
▸


0064
Usage of the past progressive
▸


0065
Expressions for past habits
▸


0066
Expressions expressing the future
▸


0067
Expressing the future with will
▸


0068
Expressing the future with be going to
▸


0069
Expressing the future with the present progressive
▸

Part 3


0070
The present tense used after conjunctions of time or condition
▸


0071
The present tense after when/if, etc.
▸


0072
Why the present tense is used even for future matters
▸


0073
Progressive-form usages to be careful about
▸


0074
Verbs that cannot be used in the progressive
▸


0075
Exceptional cases where the progressive is used
▸


0076
Various expressions expressing the future
▸


0077
Be about to
▸


0078
The be to construction
▸


0079
The future progressive
▸


0080
Summary of verb forms and tenses
▸


0081
A chart matching tense to verb form
▸


0082
Common tense-error patterns
▸


0083
Special uses of tense
▸


0084
The historical present
▸


0085
Tense in newspaper headlines
▸

第4章　完了形（Perfect tense）

Part 1　完了形が表す意味（Meanings expressed by the perfect tense）


0086
Meanings expressed by the perfect tense
▸


0087
Completion and result
▸


0088
Experience
▸


0089
Continuation
▸

Part 2


0090
Present perfect and present perfect progressive
▸


0091
Usage of the present perfect
▸


0092
Usage of the present perfect progressive
▸


0093
The difference between the present perfect and the past tense
▸


0094
Past perfect and past perfect progressive
▸


0095
Usage of the past perfect (the "earlier past")
▸


0096
Usage of the past perfect progressive
▸

Part 3


0097
Future perfect
▸


0098
Basic usage of the future perfect
▸


0099
The meaning of will have + past participle
▸


0100
Present perfect not viewed from "now"
▸


0101
Applications of the resultative use
▸


0102
The relationship between the present perfect and time adverbials
▸


0103
How to determine verb form
▸


0104
The three factors that determine verb form (tense, voice, aspect)
▸


0105
How to combine verb forms with auxiliaries
▸


0106
Sequence of tenses
▸


0107
Basic rules of the sequence of tenses
▸


0108
Exceptions to the sequence of tenses
▸


0109
Idiomatic expressions using the perfect tense
▸


0110
The difference between have been to and have gone to
▸


0111
The pattern It is the first time (that) S have done
▸

第5章　助動詞（Auxiliary verbs）

Part 1　助動詞の役割（The role of auxiliary verbs）


0112
The role of auxiliary verbs
▸


0113
The basic function of auxiliary verbs
▸


0114
Auxiliary verb + base form of the verb
▸

Part 2


0115
Auxiliary verbs expressing ability and permission
▸


0116
Can
▸


0117
Could
▸


0118
Be able to / may
▸


0119
Auxiliary verbs expressing obligation and necessity
▸


0120
Must
▸


0121
Have to
▸


0122
Should / ought to
▸


0123
Auxiliary verbs expressing possibility and conjecture
▸


0124
May / might
▸


0125
Must (conjecture)
▸


0126
Cannot (conjecture)
▸


0127
Usage of will / would / shall
▸


0128
Usage of will
▸


0129
Usage of would
▸


0130
Usage of shall
▸


0131
Usage of need / used to
▸


0132
Usage of need
▸


0133
Usage of used to
▸


0134
The difference between used to and would
▸

Part 3


0135
Auxiliary verb + have + past participle
▸


0136
Conjecture about the past
▸


0137
Regret and criticism about the past
▸


0138
Idiomatic expressions containing auxiliary verbs
▸


0139
Cannot help ~ing
▸


0140
May well
▸


0141
Would rather
▸


0142
Usage of should in that-clauses
▸


0143
Should after verbs of suggestion and demand
▸


0144
Should expressing emotion
▸


0145
Summary of auxiliary verbs
▸


0146
An overview of auxiliary-verb meanings
▸


0147
The relationship between auxiliaries and tense
▸


0148
Polite and indirect expressions using auxiliaries
▸


0149
Would you ~? / Could you ~?
▸


0150
Shall we ~?
▸


0151
Applications of would rather
▸

第6章　態（Voice）

Part 1　受動態の形と意味（The form and meaning of the passive voice）


0152
The form and meaning of the passive voice
▸


0153
The basic form of the passive voice
▸


0154
Distinguishing active from passive voice
▸

Part 2


0155
Basic forms of the passive voice
▸


0156
Be + past participle
▸


0157
Negative and interrogative passive sentences
▸


0158
Various forms of the passive voice (1)
▸


0159
The progressive passive
▸


0160
The perfect passive
▸


0161
The passive with auxiliary verbs
▸


0162
Passive-voice forms requiring attention to word order
▸


0163
The passive of phrasal verbs
▸


0164
The passive of the fourth and fifth sentence patterns
▸

Part 3


0165
Various forms of the passive voice (2)
▸


0166
The get-passive
▸


0167
Passives expressing emotion
▸


0168
Passive expressions to be careful about
▸


0169
Passives using prepositions other than by
▸


0170
Verbs that cannot be made passive
▸


0171
What are verbals
▸


0172
Features common to infinitives, gerunds, and participles
▸


0173
The semantic subject of verbals
▸


0174
Reasons for using the passive and shifts in viewpoint
▸


0175
Making given information the subject
▸


0176
Obscuring the agent
▸


0177
Omission of by
▸

第7章　不定詞（Infinitives）

Part 1　不定詞とは（What is the infinitive）


0178
What is the infinitive
▸


0179
The basic form of the infinitive
▸


0180
The range of meanings of the to-infinitive
▸

Part 2


0181
Noun usage of the infinitive
▸


0182
Infinitives as subject
▸


0183
Infinitives as object
▸


0184
Infinitives as complement
▸


0185
Adjective usage of the infinitive
▸


0186
Infinitives modifying a noun
▸


0187
The be to construction
▸


0188
Adverb usage of the infinitive
▸


0189
Infinitives expressing purpose
▸


0190
Infinitives expressing the cause of an emotion
▸


0191
Infinitives expressing result
▸


0192
Infinitives expressing the basis for a judgment
▸


0193
SVO + to-infinitive
▸


0194
The want type
▸


0195
The tell type
▸


0196
The allow type
▸


0197
The semantic subject of the infinitive and the position of negatives
▸


0198
For + noun as the semantic subject
▸


0199
Of + noun as the semantic subject
▸


0200
The position of not
▸


0201
Expressions using causative and perception verbs
▸


0202
Usage of make / have / let
▸


0203
Perception verb + bare infinitive
▸


0204
The passive of causative and perception verbs
▸

Part 3


0205
Various forms of the infinitive
▸


0206
The perfect infinitive
▸


0207
The progressive infinitive
▸


0208
The passive infinitive
▸


0209
Intransitive verb + to-infinitive
▸


0210
Seem to
▸


0211
Happen to
▸


0212
Appear to
▸


0213
Infinitive usages to be careful about
▸


0214
Independent infinitives
▸


0215
The too…to construction
▸


0216
The enough to construction
▸


0217
Idiomatic constructions using the infinitive
▸


0218
So as to / in order to
▸


0219
The only to construction
▸


0220
The never…to construction
▸

第8章　動名詞（Gerunds）

Part 1　動名詞とは（What is the gerund）


0221
What is the gerund
▸


0222
The basic form of the gerund
▸


0223
The difference between the gerund and the infinitive
▸

Part 2


0224
The function of the gerund
▸


0225
Gerunds as subject
▸


0226
Gerunds as object
▸


0227
Gerunds as complement
▸


0228
The semantic subject of the gerund and the position of negatives
▸


0229
Possessive/objective case + gerund
▸


0230
The position of not
▸

Part 3


0231
Various forms of the gerund
▸


0232
The perfect gerund
▸


0233
The passive gerund
▸


0234
Important expressions using the gerund
▸


0235
Cannot help ~ing
▸


0236
Look forward to ~ing
▸


0237
Be worth ~ing
▸


0238
Gerunds and infinitives
▸


0239
Verbs that take only a gerund as object
▸


0240
Verbs that take only an infinitive as object
▸


0241
Verbs that take both but change meaning
▸


0242
Idiomatic constructions using the gerund
▸


0243
There is no ~ing
▸


0244
It is no use ~ing
▸


0245
On[upon] ~ing
▸

第9章　分詞（Participles）

Part 1　分詞とは（What is the participle）


0246
What is the participle
▸


0247
The difference between the present and past participle
▸


0248
The basic function of the participle
▸

Part 2


0249
Participles that modify nouns (attributive usage)
▸


0250
Participles placed before the noun
▸


0251
Participles placed after the noun
▸


0252
Participles used as complements (predicative usage)
▸


0253
Participles in SVC
▸


0254
Participles in SVOC
▸


0255
have + O + participle / see + O + participle
▸


0256
Have + O + past participle
▸


0257
Perception verb + O + participle
▸


0258
Participial construction
▸


0259
How to form the participial construction
▸


0260
Participial constructions expressing time, reason, or condition
▸


0261
Participial constructions expressing attendant circumstances
▸

Part 3


0262
Applications of the participial construction
▸


0263
The perfect participial construction
▸


0264
The passive participial construction
▸


0265
The independent (absolute) participial construction
▸


0266
with + (pro)noun + participle expressing attendant circumstances
▸


0267
When the relation after with is active
▸


0268
When the relation after with is passive
▸


0269
Expressions using participles
▸


0270
Idiomatic participial constructions
▸


0271
Participial adjectives
▸


0272
English information structure
▸


0273
Given information and new information
▸


0274
The end-focus principle
▸


0275
Participial adjectives from verbs of emotion
▸


0276
The -ing form of emotion adjectives
▸


0277
The -ed form of emotion adjectives
▸

第10章　比較（Comparison）

Part 1　何と何を比較するのか（What is compared with what）


0278
What is compared with what
▸


0279
Making the two things compared parallel
▸


0280
Omission and supplementation of the item compared
▸

Part 2


0281
Positive, comparative, and superlative degrees
▸


0282
Regular changes
▸


0283
Irregular changes
▸


0284
The relationship between syllable count and inflection
▸


0285
Comparison using the positive degree
▸


0286
The as…as construction
▸


0287
The not as[so]…as construction
▸


0288
Comparison using the comparative degree
▸


0289
Comparative + than
▸


0290
Comparatives expressing a difference in degree
▸


0291
Comparison using the superlative degree
▸


0292
The + superlative
▸


0293
Expressions indicating the range of comparison
▸


0294
Expressing superlative meaning with the positive and comparative degrees
▸


0295
Negative + comparative expressing a superlative meaning
▸


0296
The no other…as[comparative] construction
▸

Part 3


0297
Various expressions using the positive degree
▸


0298
As…as possible
▸


0299
As much[many] as
▸


0300
Multiple expressions (twice as…as, etc.)
▸


0301
Various expressions using the comparative degree (1)
▸


0302
The the + comparative, the + comparative construction
▸


0303
Comparative + and + comparative
▸


0304
Various expressions using the comparative degree (2)
▸


0305
No more than
▸


0306
No less than
▸


0307
Much[still] less
▸


0308
Comparative expressions using no
▸


0309
No + comparative + than
▸


0310
Subject + no more…than
▸


0311
Various expressions using the superlative degree
▸


0312
One of the + superlative
▸


0313
Superlative + that-clause
▸


0314
Emphasizing comparatives and superlatives
▸


0315
Much / far / a lot + comparative
▸


0316
By far + superlative
▸

第11章　関係詞（Relatives）

Part 1　関係代名詞と関係副詞（Relative pronouns and relative adverbs）


0317
Relative pronouns and relative adverbs
▸


0318
The basic concept of relative pronouns
▸


0319
The basic concept of relative adverbs
▸


0320
Correspondence with the antecedent
▸

Part 2


0321
Basics of relative pronouns
▸


0322
Who / whom / whose
▸


0323
Which
▸


0324
That
▸


0325
Continuative usage of relative pronouns
▸


0326
The difference from the restrictive usage
▸


0327
The continuative use of which and who
▸


0328
Relative adverbs
▸


0329
Where
▸


0330
When
▸


0331
Why
▸


0332
How
▸


0333
Compound relatives
▸


0334
Whoever / whatever / whichever
▸


0335
Wherever / whenever
▸

Part 3


0336
Compound relatives expressing "concession"
▸


0337
No matter who[what/which]
▸


0338
The concessive whoever construction
▸


0339
As and than functioning as relative pronouns
▸


0340
The quasi-relative pronoun as
▸


0341
The quasi-relative pronoun than
▸


0342
Various usages of relative pronouns
▸


0343
Preposition + relative pronoun
▸


0344
Omission of the relative pronoun
▸


0345
Chain relative clauses
▸


0346
Relative adjectives
▸


0347
Usage of which + noun
▸


0348
Usage of what + noun
▸


0349
What are "phrases" and "clauses"
▸


0350
Definition of a phrase
▸


0351
Definition of a clause
▸


0352
How to distinguish phrases from clauses
▸


0353
Types of phrases
▸


0354
Noun phrases
▸


0355
Adjective phrases
▸


0356
Adverb phrases
▸


0357
Types of clauses
▸


0358
Noun clauses
▸


0359
Adjective clauses
▸


0360
Adverb clauses
▸


0361
Distinguishing interrogatives from relatives
▸


0362
The difference from interrogative pronouns
▸


0363
The difference from interrogative adverbs
▸

第12章　仮定法（Subjunctive mood）

Part 1　「仮定法」と動詞の形（The "subjunctive mood" and verb forms）


0364
The "subjunctive mood" and verb forms
▸


0365
The past subjunctive
▸


0366
The past perfect subjunctive
▸


0367
The difference from the indicative mood
▸

Part 2


0368
Subjunctive mood using if
▸


0369
The form of the past subjunctive
▸


0370
The form of the past perfect subjunctive
▸


0371
Mixed-type conditionals
▸


0372
Subjunctive mood after wish or as if
▸


0373
Wish + past subjunctive
▸


0374
Wish + past perfect subjunctive
▸


0375
As if[though] + subjunctive
▸

Part 3


0376
Subjunctive mood expressing future matters
▸


0377
If S should
▸


0378
If S were to
▸


0379
Subjunctive mood without if
▸


0380
The subjunctive with without[but for]
▸


0381
Using the subject to imply a conditional
▸


0382
Idiomatic expressions using the subjunctive mood
▸


0383
It is time + past subjunctive
▸


0384
If only
▸


0385
I wish I could
▸


0386
Polite expressions using the subjunctive mood
▸


0387
Would you…?
▸


0388
Could you…?
▸


0389
I would appreciate it if…
▸


0390
Omitting if through inversion
▸


0391
Were S ~
▸


0392
Had S ~
▸


0393
Should S ~
▸

第13章　疑問詞と疑問文（Interrogative words and Interrogative sentences）

Part 1　疑問文の形（The form of interrogative sentences）


0394
The form of interrogative sentences
▸


0395
Yes/No questions
▸


0396
WH-questions
▸


0397
The position of the interrogative word
▸

Part 2


0398
Types and usage of interrogative words
▸


0399
Who / what / which
▸


0400
When / where / why
▸


0401
How
▸


0402
Various forms of interrogative sentences (1)
▸


0403
Alternative questions
▸


0404
Declarative-form questions
▸


0405
How to answer interrogative sentences
▸


0406
How to answer with Yes/No
▸


0407
How to answer negative questions
▸

Part 3


0408
Various forms of interrogative sentences (2)
▸


0409
Indirect questions
▸


0410
Tag questions
▸


0411
Idiomatic expressions in interrogative sentences
▸


0412
What if
▸


0413
How come
▸


0414
Why not
▸


0415
Rhetorical questions
▸


0416
Questions used as irony / rhetorical negation
▸


0417
The Who knows? type
▸

第14章　否定（Negative）

Part 1　英語で否定を表す（Expressing negation in English）


0418
Expressing negation in English
▸


0419
Negation with not
▸


0420
Negation with negative words
▸

Part 2


0421
Negative words and the scope of negation
▸


0422
The scope covered by not
▸


0423
Types of negative words (no, never, nothing, etc.)
▸


0424
Partial negation and double negation
▸


0425
Partial negation (not all / not always)
▸


0426
The meaning of double negation
▸

Part 3


0427
Idiomatic expressions of negation
▸


0428
Far from
▸


0429
Anything but
▸


0430
Not so much A as B
▸


0431
Negative expressions without negative words
▸


0432
Too…to
▸


0433
Fail to
▸


0434
The last…to
▸


0435
Emphatic negative expressions
▸


0436
Not…at all
▸


0437
By no means
▸


0438
Never ever
▸

第15章　話法（Speech）

Part 1　発言内容の伝え方（How to convey what was said）


0439
How to convey what was said
▸


0440
The difference between direct and indirect speech
▸


0441
How to choose the reporting verb
▸

Part 2　直接話法と間接話法（Direct speech and indirect speech）


0442
Direct speech and indirect speech
▸


0443
How to use quotation marks
▸


0444
Shifts in person and tense
▸


0445
Shifts in words expressing place and time
▸

Part 3　間接話法の応用形（Applied forms of indirect speech）


0446
Applied forms of indirect speech
▸


0447
Converting questions between speech forms
▸


0448
Converting imperatives between speech forms
▸


0449
Converting exclamations between speech forms
▸


0450
Represented speech (free indirect speech)
▸


0451
Characteristics of represented speech
▸


0452
The difference from direct and indirect speech
▸

第16章　名詞構文・無生物主語（Noun construction and Inanimate subject）

Part 1　名詞構文と無生物主語（Noun constructions and inanimate subjects）


0453
Noun constructions and inanimate subjects
▸


0454
Basics of the noun construction
▸


0455
Basics of the inanimate-subject construction
▸

Part 2


0456
Noun constructions
▸


0457
Nominalizing verbs
▸


0458
Nominalizing adjectives
▸


0459
Inanimate subjects
▸


0460
Inanimate subject + transitive verb
▸


0461
How to translate inanimate-subject sentences into Japanese
▸


0462
Translation techniques for inanimate-subject sentences
▸


0463
Translating as cause / reason
▸


0464
Translating as condition
▸

第17章　強調・倒置・挿入・省略・同格（Emphasis, Inversion, Insertion, Omission, Apposition）

Part 1　文の要素に手を加える理由（Reasons for modifying sentence elements）


0465
Reasons for modifying sentence elements
▸


0466
Emphasizing information
▸


0467
Stylistic effect
▸

Part 2


0468
Emphasis
▸


0469
The It is…that construction
▸


0470
Emphatic do
▸


0471
Emphatic adverbs
▸


0472
Inversion
▸


0473
Inversion triggered by negative words
▸


0474
Inversion triggered by only + adverbial
▸


0475
Inversion with locative adverbials
▸


0476
Insertion
▸


0477
Inserted clauses
▸


0478
Inserted phrases
▸


0479
Omission
▸


0480
Omission of shared elements
▸


0481
Omission in if-clauses and comparative clauses
▸


0482
Apposition
▸


0483
Noun + that-clause in apposition
▸


0484
Noun + of ~ing in apposition
▸


0485
Distinguishing the cleft construction from the formal-subject construction
▸


0486
Key points for distinguishing them
▸


0487
The difference in whether elements can be omitted
▸

第18章　名詞（Nouns）

Part 1　数えられるか，数えられないか（Countable or uncountable）


0488
Countable or uncountable
▸


0489
Characteristics of countable nouns
▸


0490
Characteristics of uncountable nouns
▸

Part 2


0491
Types of nouns
▸


0492
Common nouns
▸


0493
Collective nouns
▸


0494
Material nouns
▸


0495
Abstract nouns and proper nouns
▸


0496
Usage of nouns
▸


0497
Nouns as subject, object, or complement
▸


0498
The appositive usage
▸


0499
Noun usages to be careful about
▸


0500
How to count uncountable nouns
▸


0501
Nouns with identical singular and plural forms
▸


0502
Plural forms of nouns
▸


0503
Regular changes
▸


0504
Irregular changes
▸


0505
Nouns always used in the plural
▸


0506
Forms of nouns expressing possession
▸


0507
How to add ’s
▸


0508
Expressing possession with of + noun
▸


0509
What are determiners
▸


0510
Types of determiners
▸


0511
The word order of determiners
▸


0512
Quantity expressions with nouns
▸


0513
A number of / the number of
▸


0514
A lot of / lots of
▸


0515
Plenty of
▸

第19章　冠詞（Articles）

Part 1　a / anか，theか，冠詞なしか（a/an, the, or no article）


0516
a/an, the, or no article
▸


0517
Distinguishing the indefinite from the definite article
▸


0518
Cases with no article
▸

Part 2


0519
Basic usage of articles
▸


0520
Usage of a / an
▸


0521
Usage of the
▸


0522
The function of articles
▸


0523
Distinguishing first mention from prior mention
▸


0524
The referring to a unique thing
▸


0525
The functions of the indefinite article, definite article, and zero article
▸


0526
The generic usage
▸


0527
The presence or absence of articles in idioms
▸


0528
Idiomatic expressions involving articles
▸


0529
The difference between go to school and go to the school
▸


0530
The idiomatic definite article, as in by the way
▸

第20章　代名詞（Pronouns）

Part 1　代名詞の働き（The function of pronouns）


0531
The function of pronouns
▸


0532
An overview of the types of pronouns
▸


0533
What pronouns refer to
▸

Part 2


0534
Personal pronouns
▸


0535
Subjective, possessive, and objective case
▸


0536
Possessive pronouns
▸


0537
Reflexive pronouns
▸


0538
Usage of it
▸


0539
It as a formal (dummy) subject
▸


0540
It as a formal (dummy) object
▸


0541
It referring to a situation
▸


0542
Demonstrative pronouns
▸


0543
Usage of this / that
▸


0544
Usage of such / so
▸


0545
Indefinite pronouns
▸


0546
Usage of one / other
▸


0547
Usage of some / any
▸


0548
Usage of all / each
▸


0549
Possessive pronouns and the double genitive
▸


0550
The a friend of mine type
▸


0551
How to form the double genitive
▸

第21章　形容詞（Adjectives）

Part 1　形容詞の働きと使い方（The function and usage of adjectives）


0552
The function and usage of adjectives
▸


0553
The attributive usage
▸


0554
The predicative usage
▸

Part 2


0555
Usage of adjectives
▸


0556
Adjectives used only attributively
▸


0557
Adjectives used only predicatively
▸


0558
Adjective usages to be careful about
▸


0559
Adjectives that cannot take a person as subject
▸


0560
Usage of -able adjectives
▸


0561
Adjectives expressing quantity
▸


0562
Many / much
▸


0563
Few / little
▸


0564
The difference between some and any
▸


0565
Numerals
▸


0566
Cardinal numbers
▸


0567
Ordinal numbers
▸


0568
How to express fractions and decimals
▸


0569
Adjectives expressing country names
▸


0570
How to form adjectives of nationality
▸


0571
The + adjective referring to a nation’s people as a whole
▸


0572
Adjective order (multiple modification)
▸


0573
The order: opinion → size → quality → age → color → origin → material
▸


0574
The order when several adjectives appear together
▸

第22章　副詞（Adverbs）

Part 1　副詞の位置と働き（The position and function of adverbs）


0575
The position and function of adverbs
▸


0576
The basic position of adverbs
▸


0577
How position varies depending on what is modified
▸

Part 2


0578
Usage of adverbs
▸


0579
Adverbs modifying a verb
▸


0580
Adverbs modifying an adjective or adverb
▸


0581
Adverbs modifying the whole sentence
▸


0582
Adverb usages to be careful about
▸


0583
Confusing adverbs (hard / hardly, etc.)
▸


0584
The position of adverbs of frequency
▸


0585
Adverbs expressing the logical relationship between two sentences
▸


0586
Adverbs expressing contrast
▸


0587
Adverbs expressing cause and effect
▸


0588
Adverbs expressing addition
▸


0589
Distinguishing sentence adverbs from word-modifying adverbs
▸


0590
Characteristics of adverbs that modify the whole sentence
▸


0591
The difference from adverbs modifying a specific word
▸

第23章　前置詞（Prepositions）

Part 1　前置詞のイメージ（The image of prepositions）


0592
The image of prepositions
▸


0593
The spatial image of prepositions
▸


0594
The temporal image of prepositions
▸

Part 2


0595
The form and function of phrases formed by prepositions
▸


0596
The preposition + noun form
▸


0597
Functioning as an adjective phrase or adverb phrase
▸


0598
Usage of prepositions
▸


0599
Prepositions of place
▸


0600
Prepositions of time
▸


0601
Prepositions of means and method
▸


0602
Group prepositions
▸


0603
The because-of type
▸


0604
The in-spite-of type
▸


0605
The according-to type
▸


0606
Important idioms containing prepositions
▸


0607
Look forward to
▸


0608
Be responsible for
▸


0609
Be independent of
▸

第24章　接続詞（Conjunctions）

Part 1　接続詞の働き（The function of conjunctions）


0610
The function of conjunctions
▸


0611
The difference between coordinating and subordinating conjunctions
▸


0612
The basic role of conjunctions
▸

Part 2


0613
Usage of coordinating conjunctions
▸


0614
Usage of and / or / but
▸


0615
Correlative conjunctions (both A and B, etc.)
▸


0616
Usage of subordinating conjunctions introducing noun clauses
▸


0617
Usage of that
▸


0618
Usage of whether / if
▸


0619
Usage of subordinating conjunctions introducing adverb clauses
▸


0620
Conjunctions of time
▸


0621
Conjunctions of reason and condition
▸


0622
Conjunctions of concession
▸


0623
The difference between conjunctive adverbs and conjunctions
▸


0624
Characteristics of conjunctive adverbs (however, therefore, etc.)
▸


0625
The grammatical difference from conjunctions
▸

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